His successor is reported to be either Matteo Messina Denaro or Salvatore Lo Piccolo. In April 2006, the Italian government arrested Bernardo Provenzano in a small farmhouse near the town of Corleone. During the 1980s and 1990s the bosses of the Corleonesi clan Salvatore Riina and Bernardo Provenzano were bestowed with the title by the media. Nevertheless, the title has frequently been given to powerful Mafia bosses to this day. According to Mafia historian Salvatore Lupo "the emphasis of the media on the definition of 'capo dei capi' is without any foundation". They also denied Vizzini ever was the ruling boss of the Mafia in Sicily. For instance, the old-style Mafia boss Calogero Vizzini was often portrayed in the media as the "boss of bosses" – although such a position does not exist according to later Mafia pentiti, such as Tommaso Buscetta. In the Sicilian Mafia the position does not exist. Bonanno family boss Joseph Massino was recognized by four of the five families as chairman of the Commission from 2000 to 2004 during this time he was the only full-fledged boss in New York not in prison. The term has since fallen out of use in the media, but remains popular in fictional accounts. Some have claimed the title for the head of the Gambino crime family, as purportedly the most powerful of the Five Families, which have included Carlo Gambino and his successors Paul Castellano, and John Gotti. Since then, while media sources have often sought to award the title of "boss of all bosses" to the most powerful boss, the Mafia has not itself recognized the position to exist.Īmong other bosses media sources have presumed to hold the title include Luciano himself, Frank Costello and Vito Genovese. The Commission consisted of the bosses of the Five Families in New York City, the Buffalo crime family and the Chicago Outfit. The Commission would consist of a " board of directors" to oversee all Mafia activities in the United States and serve to mediate conflicts between families. Instead, Luciano established the Commission to lead the Mafia, with a goal of quietly maintaining his own power over all the families, while preventing future gang wars the bosses approved the idea of the Commission. Although there would have been few objections had Luciano declared himself capo di tutti i capi, he abolished the title, believing the position created trouble between the families and would have made him a target for another ambitious challenger. This provoked a rebellious reaction which led to his being murdered in September 1931, on the orders of Lucky Luciano. When Maranzano won the Castellammarese War, he set himself up as boss of all bosses, created the Five Families and ordered every Mafia family to pay him tribute.
Bosses Joe Masseria (1928–1931) and Salvatore Maranzano (1931) used the title as part of their efforts to centralize control of the Mafia under themselves. The title was applied by mobsters to Giuseppe Morello around 1900, according to Nick Gentile. Frank Costello testifying before the Kefauver Committee.
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